Relativein vitro effectiveness of estradiol-17β, androgens,corticosteroids, progesterone and other pregnene derivatives on germinal vesicle breakdown in oocytes of Indian major carps,Labeo rohita,Cirrhinus mrigala andCatla catla

The relative effectiveness of estradiol-17, androgens, corticosteroids, progesterone and other pregnene derivatives on germinal vesicle breakdown (GVBD) was investigatedin vitro using folliculated oocytes of three carps,Labeo rohita, Cirrhinus mrigala, andCatla catla. In all three species progesterone and 17-hydroxyprogesterone could induce GVBD but relatively 17,20-dihydroxyprogesterone was consistently found to be the most potent maturation-inducing steroid. Both estradiol-17 and testosterone were ineffective in inducing GVBD. Androsterone and dehydroepiandrosterone were found to be effective inC. catla at all the concentrations used. Deoxycorticosterone (DOC), hydrocortisone (HC) and cortisone were effective inducer of GVBD inC. catla whereas inL. rohita andC. mrigala only cortisone was found to be effective. All 5-reduced pregnenes were effective in inducing GVBD inL. rohita but inC. catla, only 5-pregnane-17-01-3,20-dione and 5-pregnane-3,17,20-triol and inC. mrigala, 5-pregnane-3-ol-20- one could induce oocyte maturation.     

“脊尾白虾肌肉微孢子虫病”的病原和病理分析

江苏启东海水养殖脊尾白虾出现肌肉白化症状,虾腹部、头胸甲、步足、尾扇等部位病变明显,通过活体压片镜检发现肌肉中存在大量球形包囊,利用超显微技术对病原的形态和结构进行分析,确定其为微孢子虫,并对脊尾白虾的病变组织进行了病理分析。结果表明：该微孢子虫具包囊结构,包囊大小为（5.40±0.55） μm,一个包囊内含8个孢子,成熟孢子呈椭圆形,孢子长为（2.30±0.25） μm,孢子宽为（1.50±0.19） μm,孢内极丝一般环绕9~10圈。病理分析显示,脊尾白虾的鳃、胃、肠和肌肉内均发现微孢子虫寄生和不同程度的病变。其中,肌肉组织病变最严重：原肌纤维存在的空间被大量的球形包囊占据,肌纤维断裂,空泡数量增多,线粒体消失;鳃细胞膨大呈空泡状,鳃膜坏死,核质、细胞质和细胞器消失;胃细胞胞浆基质电子密度增大,孢子寄生在结缔组织中脂滴附近;肠外膜上皮细胞核质皱缩,部分肌层消失,孢子寄生在肠粘膜层和肌层之间。     

斑马鱼胚胎左右不对称发育的研究现状与展望

脊椎动物单从体表特征来看,一般呈两侧对称,但是大多数内脏器官和系统在体内多为不对称分布,而且这种分布方式对于器官或系统功能的行使是必须的。左右不对称发育起始于胚胎时期,打破了机体两侧对称的发育模式,在不同脊椎动物中均很保守。目前利用斑马鱼为模式生物,对胚胎左右不对称发育的研究已经取得了一系列进展,包括临时器官Kupffer’s囊泡的形成、左右不对称发育信号在侧板中胚层中的传递、器官不对称分布等。本文就近年来以斑马鱼为模式生物对胚胎左右不对称发育机制研究的进展进行综述。     

注射hCG后不同时间猪所排卵泡内COC的形态和卵母细胞减数分裂进程

研究了超排处理注射 h CG后不同时间猪卵丘卵母细胞复合体 (COC)的回收率和形态、卵母细胞减数分裂进程以及 COC形态与生发泡 (GV)染色质构型之间的关系。结果表明 :(1)注射 h CG后 4 h COC的回收率为 5 3.1% ,明显低于注射 h CG后 18、2 2、2 4 h(71.2 %、76 .5 %、70 .0 % ,P<0 .0 5 ) ;(2 )注射 h CG后 18、2 2、2 4 h收集的 COC分别有98.9%、98.0 %、91.4 %的卵丘已经发生扩展 ,而注射 h CG后 4 h收集的 COC则无一发生卵丘扩展 ;(3)注射 h CG后 4h,有少量卵母细胞开始恢复减数分裂 ,至 18h左右开始发生生发泡破裂 (GVBD) ,到 2 2～ 2 4 h有 5 8.4 %～ 6 0 .0 %的卵母细胞发生 GVBD;(4)外层卵丘扩展、放射冠轻微扩展的卵母细胞处于 GV- 1期的比例 (6 9.6 % )明显高于卵丘完全扩展的卵母细胞 (47.8% )和放射冠部分扩展、卵丘已经脱落的卵母细胞 (2 9.3% ) ,而后 2者发生 GVBD的比例(40 %、4 4 % )则略高于前者 (2 7% )。     

内流质子梯度对Gly-Pro在仔猪小肠跨膜转运中的驱动作用

为研究内流质子梯度对仔猪小肠中Gly-Pro跨膜转运的影响,采用放射性同位素示踪及体外孵育技术,观察在不同H＋浓度条件下,Gly-Pro在仔猪小肠刷状缘膜囊（Brush border membrane vesicles,BBMV）的跨膜转运量。结果表明：膜囊内液pH为7.5时,Gly-Pro的转运显著地受到膜囊外液pH值的影响,pH为4.5～5.5时,转运最快;其中pH为5.0时的Gly-Pro跨膜转运速度在1-20 min一直高于pH为7.5时的转运速度;内流质子梯度的存在可以显著促进Gly-Pro的转运,无内流质子梯度时,Gly-Pro的转运不受膜囊外液pH变化的影响。研究结果提示,跨膜内流质子梯度是仔猪小肠中Gly-Pro的跨膜转运的一种驱动力。     

Bacillus thuringiensis Cry1Ab, but not Cry1Aa or Cry1Ac, disrupts liposomes

We evaluated the ability of Cry1Aa9, Cry1Ab4, and Cry1Ac1 insecticidal toxins from Bacillus thuringiensis to destroy liposomes. Cry1A toxins are thought to form pores in midgut apical cell membranes (BBMV), thereby disrupting midgut cells. Liposomes containing fluorescent calcein were prepared using phosphatidylcholine (PC) and phosphatidylserine (PS) (PC/PS-Liposomes) or PC alone (PC-Liposomes). Cry1Ab (1.4 μM), but not Cry1Aa or Cry1Ac, disrupted PC/PS-Liposomes and PC-Liposomes. PC/PS-Liposomes containing cholesterol and oligosaccharylceramide from Plutella xylostella midgut were damaged even more extensively by Cry1Ab, but the inclusion of either lipid alone had no effect. The initial velocity of Cry1Ab-mediated liposome disruption increased 17-fold when liposomes were prepared with Triton X-100-soluble proteins from Bombyx mori BBMV and PC (PC/Proteo-Liposomes), and Cry1Aa and Cry1Ac also caused slight disruption. These data suggest that Cry1Ab achieves higher penetration into PC/PS-Liposomes, PC-Liposomes, and PC/Proteo-Liposomes compared with Cry1Aa or Cry1Ac and that Cry1Ab may interact with membrane proteins.     

溪蜜柚果实粒化、裂瓣症与矿质营养关系的探讨

针对王官溪蜜柚果实粒化、裂瓣与矿质营养的关系,对不同海拔高度果园的果实汁胞、叶片、土壤元素含量进行追踪分析．结果表明,果实粒化汁胞矿质成分（尤其是Ｎ、Ｐ、Ｋ）明显增加,裂瓣汁胞矿质成分亦呈增加趋势．叶片Ｎ、Ｋ、Ｂ、Ｚｎ含量高,Ｃａ含量低明显加剧果实粒化程度．果实裂瓣程度随叶片Ｂ含量增加而减轻．结果还表明,随土壤有效Ｃｕ含量增加,果实粒化程度加重,裂瓣程度减轻．     

Update on Seminal Vesiculitis in Stallions

Seminal vesiculitis in stallions reduces fertility and is often underdiagnosed. The most common cause is infection of seminal vesicles by bacteria capable of forming biofilms and a propensity for tissue persistence, for example, Pseudomonas aeruginosa. Achieving a clinical cure is challenging because of a high rate of recurrence. Systemic antibiotic therapy does not reach adequate therapeutic concentrations within the seminal vesicles; one alternative is endoscopy-guided, local antibiotic infusion into the gland lumen, with or without concurrent systemic antibiotics. Current diagnostic and therapeutic strategies for seminal vesiculitis are less than fully satisfactory, and several studies have been conducted to improve them. This review covers traditional and newer concepts regarding seminal vesiculitis, including diagnostic and treatment methods, management of stallions with this disorder, and authors’ experience with clinical cases.     

Seminal vesicle and its role in the reproduction of teleosts

One mouse click on fish seminal vesicle (SV) in Pub-Med reveals a limited number of articles that give various pieces of information on its restricted distribution, origin, structure, relation with testis, and physiology. Although in the last decade significant progress has been made with respect to the nature and multiple functions of SV secretions, and new aspects are steadily being uncovered, much still remains to be known before we can realize its potential application in fisheries. This review is an attempt to provide an update on recent research on various aspects of the SV and its secretory products in teleosts. The available data suggest a significant role of SV and its products in the maturation and nutrition of sperm cells, in the maintenance of their integrity and viability, and the enhancement of spawning performance and fertilization.